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26     Galapagos tortoise food
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This Galapagos opuntia cactus - which would have been a typical cactus with low branches and green pads to ground level - shows the effect of Galapagos tortoises (and probably introduced goats as well) having browsed off all of its lower branches in its early stages of growth (and niping any further low buds that might have appeared in this world so free of direct plant-plant competition, owing to the overgrazing by introduced goats).
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