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 32 avoidance by horses DHJanzen100271.jpg high resolution
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| This Michigan pasture fence has horses on the right and no horses on the left. The protection given to milkweeds by their cardiac glycosides is evident (and see below). We assume that grazing bison, antelope - and some time ago, grazing mammoths and other extinct megafauna - will equally avoid feeding on these noxious plants. However, in the limit, it would be best to test them one by one because specific species of wild animals can sometimes surprise with their ability - whether acquired or genetic - to detoxify things that are highly noxious to other species. | ||
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